Freedom of Cyber-Speech -- Internet Censorship Essay

Freedom of Cyber-Speech      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom of speech has always been an important issue in American society.   With the advent of the Internet as a high-speed communication device, this issue has become even more prominent in recent years.   This paper will explore the issue of whether the Internet should be censored. Additionally, it will investigate possible methods for undertaking this censorship.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since 1787, the Constitution has been integral part of American society.   The First Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1791, reads: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. [1]    For two hundred years, this amendment has been tested in many different ways.   Over the years, the government passed many laws that did, in fact, "abridge the freedom of speech" for a variety of reasons.   Now, new technology appears to be giving the government another issue in which it must decide if it should go against the literal interpretation of the Constitution.  Ã‚   This paper will show how content on the Internet can be seen as dangerous, and if it should be censored.   It will then investigate what strategies are being used to censor it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internet has provided a new and very powerful communication tool for Americans over the past several years.   With the Internet, ideas can be transferred faster than ever before.   Countless benefits have arisen with the development of the Internet, including powerful research resources, on-line shopping, and more.   However, with ... ...ier Foundation. 10/17/99.   http://www.eff.org/EFFdocs/about_eff.html#mission - An introduction to the EFF [6] First Amendment and Free Expression.   Center for Democratic Technology.   10/17/99.   http://www.cdt.org/speech/ An introduction to the CDT [7] The Freedom Forum Online.   The Freedom Forum.   10/19/99. http://www.freedomforum.org - An introduction to the Freedom Forum [8] The Free Expression Network The Free Expression Network.   .http://www.freeexpression.org   - An introduction to the Free Expression Network [9] United States Supreme Court.   Schenck v. United States.   1919. [10]United States Congress.   Title V - Broadcast Obscenity and Violence.   1995. [11] Baase, Sarah.   Gift of Fire. New Jersey:   Prentice-Hall, Inc.   1997. [12] GetNetWise.   GetNetWise.   10/17/99.   www.getnetwise.com - A tool for obtaining web-filtering software.

Maguindanao Massacre Essay

Stories and worldwide condemnation of the Maguindanao massacre still grapple the Filipino people in disbelief. Focusing on the victims that include lawyers and journalists in the company of scions of a political clan, the manner of mass execution was the most gruesome, so animalistic, and the most barbaric act of the new century. Fifty-seven of them, men, women, and children were killed and decapitated; bodies were mangled and riddled with bullets. This satanic act was allegedly masterminded by the incumbent mayor of the place, who is said to have been able to command and give orders as he pleases even to the extent of a massacre. The idea of good governance, rule of law of human rights and democracy has hardly been heard in existence in this far-flung poor province in Mindanao. Politicians are motivated to run for public office to absolutely control and influence the civilians and the police. The existing system is heavily politicized making the police underdogs of the politicians. Thus, anybody who wants to seek justice feels the absence of any protection mechanism. Government tried to calm the situation by asking the allegedly mass murderer to surrender; but will his victims get justice? Praying for justice to prevail in this country, Lasallians were called to express indignation to this assault to humanity. Students wore black ribbons on their chest to sympathize with the victims and their loved ones, and to shout and rage against the inhuman act. They lit candles and prayed for peace, and were in one in expressing the gloom and grief the whole country has experienced. We call on the wheels of justice to move swiftly without deception of wealth and power. Otherwise, record of inhumanity of the sadistic, brutal, and cruel Maguindanao massacre may be enhanced when the Government still fails to mete out the punishment for the perpetrators.

Steroids Not Worth Dying For Essay - 1787 Words

Throughout the history of athletics, humans have pursued new and innovative ways to construct better, faster, stronger athletes. Steroid use is one of the most popular choices among these athletes. Steroids, first created in the 1930s, are synthetic hormones that produce specific physiological effects on ones body (Center for Substance Abuse Research). Although the German scientists who discovered steroids did not intend its use for body building or creating better athletes, steroid use has developed into a controversial subject concerning the health of users and other moral issues. Overall, the use of steroids in athletics is physically and morally wrong because it essentially promotes the deterioration of the health of athletes and†¦show more content†¦For example, steroid abuse can cause mood swings, fatigue, loss of appetite, restlessness, insomnia, reduced sex drive, jaundice, and steroid cravings that lead to its continued abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse). For men specifically, continued steroid use leads to shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, [and] increased risk for prostate cancer (National Institute on Drug Abuse). For women, continued use leads to growth of facial hair, male pattern baldness, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, [and] deepened voice (National Institute on Drug Abuse). In addition to the aforementioned effects, stunted growth and premature puberty have been widely reported in adolescents (Zundel). Steroid use can even lead to death. Steroid-related deaths may arise as a result of suicide, homicide, liver disease, heart attack, and cancer (National Institute on Drug Abuse). One professional wrestler, Chris Benoit, strangled his wife, suffocated his 7-year-old son and placed a Bible next to their bodies before hanging himself with the pulley of a weight machine (Steroids discovered in probe of slayings, suicide). Anabolic steroids were found in the house, and authorities stated that they were the cause of the murder-suicide. The effects of steroids such as mood swings and restlessness are consistent with those of the wrestler. In Benoits case, the negativeShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs is a Global Issue972 Words   |  4 Pagesmoney is worth the cost of ruining your reputation for life. Lance Armstrong does not regret using the drugs to become successful because right now he is a millionaire even though he was caught. For example if Armstrong was caught earlier in his career the cost would be greater than the benefit as he would have no success and create a bad reputation and waste money. It all depends on when you get caught but once you do it you have no morals and values. Armstrong was caught late so it was worth it whileRead MoreAnabolic Drug Use Among Athletes1668 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as a loss of sex drive, depression, and moodiness. The Sixth steroid is called Oxymetholone , also known as Anadrol. This drug comes in a tablet form. Anadrol improves red blood cell production and increases the amount of hemoglobin that helps to treat anemia. Although the FDA approves Anadrol, this drug still has serious side effects. These include breast cancer in males and females and reabsorption of the bone. The seventh steroid is called Oxandrolone, otherwise known as Anavar. This drug isRead MoreSteroid Use in Sports1732 Words   |  7 PagesAround an astonishing ten to fifteen percent of professional athletes use illegal steroids which are also known as performance enhancing drugs. These substances which are banned in professional sports aren’t just any type of steroid or drug. They are called anabolic steroids or performance enhancing drugs, and they are synthetically produced substances of male testosterone hormones. The use of these illegal steroids has garnered a lot of publicity within the world of sports over the past few yearsRead MoreThe Misusing of Prescription Drugs752 Words   |  3 Pagesdrugs to increase their concentration but some critics would suggest that steroids are the only type of drug misused to enhance physical activities. In the past, there was only steroids that were known to help improve performances. Now there are many drugs, which fall under the category as â€Å"performance-enhancing drugs, or PEDs, that aren’t classified as steroids† (Harris 1). This shows that now drugs that were labeled under steroids have had a change in labeling so that it appears as an ok thing to doRead MoreThe Safety of Using Anabolic Steroids Essay example1527 Words   |  7 Pagesof Using Anabolic Steroids Even if you didnt have any or little knowledge of steroids and were asked this question, you would probably answer no. Why? Would it be because a high school kid somewhere in California died from taking them? Or would it be because you read it in Readers Digest? Many people think you are selling your soul to the devil when you take steroids. There is an incredible amount of myths, misinformation, and misconceptions about anabolic steroid use and their dangersRead MoreEssay Appearance and Steroids2857 Words   |  12 PagesAppearance and Steroids Why does our appearance have such an impact on our lifestyles? Do people need huge muscles and beautiful bodies to be noticed? Many people feel we do, and thats why steroid use is at its highest. People still use the drug even though they know the risks. Is this shortcut for muscular gain worth sickness, disease or fatality? People should understand what steroids do to their bodies and minds before they decide to use the drug. The consumption of steroids has a negativeRead More Anabolic Steroid Use by Athletes Essay3169 Words   |  13 PagesJohnson. He tested positive for anabolic steroid use. It was later discovered that hed been using steroids for several years. He was striped of his gold medal and his world record. Carl Lewis was given the gold and the world record (Ben Johnson). In the many years since this incident, no one has come close to Ben Johnsons time. The next fastest that has ever been ran was a 9.84 by fellow Canadian Donovan Bailey in the 1996 Summer Olympics. Steroids definitely enabled Ben Johnson to reach aRead MoreSmoking and Its Effects Essay710 Words   |  3 Pagesstroke than women who dont smoke. Quitting smoking may be difficult, but its worth a try. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Smoking causes 31,820 deaths from lung cancer every year in the UK, and overall results in approximately 120,000 deaths each year. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · If you regularly smoke and drink you are more likely to get cancer of the throat than someone who doesnt. If you do contract it you have a high chance of dying within the following five years. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · It is not only smoking cigarettes thatRead MoreDr. Kevorkian, Mudering in the Name of Mercy Essays1347 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical resident, he wore a black arm band and asked to work the night shift because more patients died at that time. The man enjoys watching people die. In the 1950s, he received the name doctor death through his efforts to photograph the eyes of dying patients. He wanted to see the sparkle of life disappear just because he was curious. Later, the doctor advocated surgical experimentation of live death row prisoners and suggested they be allowed to auction off their internal organs (Fumento). HeRead MoreAdderall Is The Most Commonly Abused Prescription Stimulant Among College Students1044 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are millions of students staring at their final exam review feeling hopeless due to the load of work. Willing to do whatever it takes to pass it. There is an alarming but popular trend among college campuses. It’s being us ed as today’s college steroid. According to a recent study from Brigham Young University, â€Å"Adderall is the most commonly abused prescription stimulant among college students† (Hanson et al.). A large number of students are wrongly using a very potent prescription medication called

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries Essay - 919 Words

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries nbsp; One who seeks their own happiness through life will fail to do much good for others. A preoccupation with achieving this ideal state of happiness will certainly lead to an inconsiderate view of the world. Anton Chekhovs story Gooseberries portrays a man who has come to this realization. He has seen the consequences of pure unadulterated happiness, and describes his subsequent emotions as melancholy. Why should an educated man, a veterinary surgeon none the less, have such issues with human happiness? This paper seeks to understand the question and relate it to the motives of the author, Anton Chekhov. nbsp; It is important, first of all, to ascertain the meaning of the word†¦show more content†¦The happiness that Ivan seems so opposed to and ashamed of, is the happiness that one strives for, seeks, dreams of, and forgets the world for. nbsp; Gooseberries are referred to more than a few times throughout the story. But what do these bittersweet fruits represent? [The] vision differed according to the advertisements he came across, but for some reason gooseberry bushes always figured in them. Ivan Ivanichs brother Nikolai has dreamt of living a country life for many years. His head was full of visions of garden paths, flowers, carp ponds... and gooseberries. Nikolai was a dreamer. He envisioned a happy life complete with his prized gooseberries. The gooseberries then, are meant to represent a longing for happiness. Such a longing that all other realities in life are faded until all that one knows is their own happiness. nbsp; Money, like vodka, makes a man eccentric. How does happiness harvest greed? For an answer to this one, look at the whole of history. On page 177, Ivan Ivanich is describing his brothers relationship with his wife. At last I heard he was married. All for the same purpose, to buy himself an estate with gooseberries on it, he married an ugly elderly widow, for whom he had not the slightest affection, just because she had some money. Here, Chekhov ties greed and longing for happiness into one line, which shows how the two emotions can build on each other. Gluttony isShow MoreRelatedDessert Buffet Marketing Plan14068 Words   |  57 Pages1. Executive Summary 3 2. Situation Analysis 4 2.1. Market Demographic 4 2.2. Market Demands 5 2.3. Product Life Cycle 6 2.4. SWOT Analysis 9 2.5. Competition and Buying Patterns 10 2.6. Product offering 13 2.7. Keys to success 15 2.8. Critical Issues 15 3. Marketing Strategy 16 3.1. Mission Statement 16 3.2. Vision 16 3.3. Slogan 16 3.4. Target Market 16 3.5. Product Positioning (Niche) 16 3.6. Marketing Mix and Strategies 18 3.7. Marketing Research 22 4. Financial Analysis 24 4.1 Desired

Essay on The Kite Runner Literary Critism - 1452 Words

In Khaled Hosseini’s inspirational novel The Kite Runner; Amir as a young boy is forced to step up, face his fears and right what once was wrong. The haunting past event that occurred during his childhood creates a dark shadow that has strongly carried its way to Amir’s adulthood. Even after moving away from his home country to another continent, with the hopes to bury those old memories away, Amir finds himself having to go back home to a land that he no longer knows of, and is forced to relive his past childhood with Hassan; his dearest friend. For the first time, he must learn on his own to step forth and face his fears. Can you really make things right again – even after all hope is lost? With the struggle of social stature between†¦show more content†¦Hassan steps in and fends them off. I’ve seen it with my own eyes. And when they come home, I say to him, how did Hassan get that scrape on his face? And he says he fell down. I’m telling you Rahim, theirs something missing in that boy.† – Baba (Page 24) After all the times Hassan stood up for Amir the one time Hassan needed him most Amir stood back in the shadows turning a blind eye to what was going on. Hassan was cornered alone by Assef and the neighborhood bullies, and was distastefully held down and sodomized by these boys in the dirty ally right after the kite fight. It was this moment the ultimate betrayal came to pass. This incidence decayed the boy’s relationship in a way Amir never imagined. This guilt followed him all throughout his adulthood. His fathers words constantly kicked him back down to that very same dirty ally where he could not stand up for his dearest fr iend - for his brother. It was the fear of seeing Hassan in a position where he needed someone to stand up for him because Amir was used to seeing Hassan as being strong and always standing up for himself. So when it came to the point where Hassan needed him the most, he didn’t know what to do, simply because he was the one always needing Hassan - not the other way around. This fear traveled with Amir for years and even after moving away he could not over come and bury these â€Å"skeletons.† After this incident, the relationship between Amir and Hassan

A Blind Man Leads the Way Free Essays

A Blind Man Leads the Way â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, describes a couple who is awaiting the arrival of the wife’s blind friend, Robert. The husband is not too fond of a blind man staying in their house and is judgmental about meeting him. It’s not until the family sits down to watch t. We will write a custom essay sample on A Blind Man Leads the Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now v. that the husband gains respect for Robert. A show about cathedrals comes on, and Robert asks him to describe them to him. When Robert and the husband draw the cathedral together with their eyes closed, the husband begins to see what he could not describe with his eyes open. Carver uses the cathedral in the story as a symbol of sight, insisting that the narrator was blinded by prejudice before he met Robert and also as a symbol of teaching, Robert acting as a preacher in a church. The husband is very judgmental and negative toward blind people. He states, â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing eye dogs† (526). The husband views all blind people as the same and gives them the same respect, which is none. He brings them down to make himself feel better. Carver’s figures close themselves off from their worlds, walling out the threatening forces in their lives even as they wall themselves in and retreat destructively into the claustrophobic inner enclosures of self† (Davis). When the narrator meets Robert and they all sit down for dinner, his opinion about Robert begins to change. He says, â€Å"The blind man had right away located his fo ods, he knew just where everything was on his plate† (531). The husband was in shock that Robert did not need someone to cut up his food and help him eat his meals. He begins to see and appreciate Robert as a person and not just as a blind man. His sight is in full affect when he begins describing the cathedral from the t. v. show. The narrator could see the cathedral, but he could not quite describe what he saw. He and the blind man began to draw the cathedral, and for once the narrator felt like he was the blind and that the blind man was the one who could see. The husband states, â€Å"It’s really something† (537). This is when he can fully see the picture not only of the cathedral, but also the understanding that even the blind can see and understand things with their eyes closed. The narrator comes to understand Robert and learns a lot from him. Robert helps him to open his eyes and become less judgmental of the blind. The husband learns from Robert that you can’t judge a book by its cover, and that sometimes it’s the important things in life that you can’t see that really matter. Cathedrals are holy structures that people go to and receive an understanding of a higher power. In this story Robert is represented by the cathedral being the teacher, and the seeker is the husband. Robert is the one who gives the understanding of what it is like to be blind. Robert teaches the husband along the way by his actions and shows him that being blind is not a disability, but sometimes even a gift. Robert insists they draw a cathedral together and as the husband draws, Robert guides him through the process. Robert states, â€Å"That’s right. That’s good,† he said. â€Å"Sure. You got it bub, I can tell. You didn’t think you could but you can, can’t you† (536)? Robert is guiding the narrator through the process, just as a preacher would guide his church through a service. Robert is guiding the husband step by step, making sure he is getting an understanding of the Cathedral. In the beginning, the narrator was less passionate about Cathedrals, but through Robert’s eyes, he grew found of them. The narrator states, â€Å"The truth is, cathedrals don’t mean anything special to me. Nothing. Cathedrals. They’re something to look at on late-night TV† (535). The narrator viewed cathedrals differently by the end, and they made him feel something he had never felt before. The narrator states, â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything† (536). At this point the narrator feels outside of everything at the moment and spiritually feels like he is part of something greater. â€Å"As a symbol represents a kind of common humanity and benevolence, and of human patience and fortitude, in the process of â€Å"a-spiring. † Curiously enough it is within the walls of the cathedral that the narrator ultimately ends up† (Nesset). Robert showed the narrator that there is a higher power out there. He did not want to pester the husband by talking to him about religion so he showed him through drawing the cathedral. The narrator felt like he was outside of his own body and felt like he was part of something higher. Robert taught the husband along the way showing him that seeing isn’t believing, but believing is seeing. By this point, the narrator witnessed himself opening up and becoming less judgmental of the situation. â€Å"Only in Cathedral does the reader witness the rare moments of their coming out, and process of opening up in closed-down lives that comes across in both the subjects and events of the stories†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nesset). Robert was a Christian man, and believes that he showed the narrator that there is a higher power out there, and helped the husband understand that through the cathedral. â€Å"The narrator of â€Å"Cathedral† communicated verbally and non-verbally with Robert, resulting a renewed sense of empathy and a remarkable, almost religious experience† (Champion). The narrator did experience a religious experience through the cathedral, and it made him feel like he was not himself. Through the cathedral, the husband is a changed man. Robert shows and guides him along the way, teaching him that seeing is not everything and that even someone blind can help you to see and understand things you never thought you could describe. In the beginning the husband was very judgmental of Robert and did not want him in his home, and by the end he felt like his life had been missing something and that was the guidance of the cathedral. The sight he encountered as he sat there with Robert and drew the cathedral was like something he had never seen before, and could only be seen with his eyes closed. How to cite A Blind Man Leads the Way, Papers

Work Related Stress and Counseling

Question: Discuss about theWork Related Stress and Counseling. Answer: Work- Related Stress Introduction Stress can be defined as a disturbance of individuals mental or physical equilibrium as a result of a reaction to a given stimulus(Dorothy, 2013). A stressful event initiates biological responses, fight-or-flight, that triggers hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline that flow through ones body. According to John Shepherd Kims video on How to manage work-related Stress, he outlines several ways to manage work-related stress. This section will review the concepts presented in the video. Features of Work-Related Stress John suggests that work is a major component to an individual's psychological well-being as it provides one with social support, engage in physical and mental activities as well as gaining a sense of identity. According to research, is noted that work-related stress is one of the most assessed health risks in Singapore, as most professionals underperform in their daily tasks due to mismanagement of work-related stress. In episode 41, John presents us with how an individual can be classified as experiencing work-related stress. First, if one experiences fatigue he or she might be experiencing work-related stress. Arguably fatigue can arise from overworking or brain strain. Fatigue is a common workplace-related stress as individuals feel they are not able to achieve their daily tasks at a given moment. Additionally, another salient feature that is associated with work-related stress is multiple episodes of insomnia. Scholars define insomnia as a sleeping disorder where an individual ex periences shortness in sleep(Pandi-Perumal Kramer, 2010). Furthermore, John states that workers who are diagnosed with work-related stress tend to experience multiple headaches and migraines associated with diarrhea. Stress as a disturbance t the physical well-being of an individual tends to alter the functioning of the body. Other bodily symptoms that depict work-related stress include constipation and multiple heart palpitations as postulated in the video. Additionally, there are other bodily symptoms of stress such nausea, chest pains, frequent colds and infections and loss of sexual desire and ability(Pandi-Perumal Kramer, 2010). Also, he asserts that pessimism and feelings to overwhelm encompassed with the inability to cope with work the daily work tasks as activities. Notably, with the dysfunctions of the physical activities an individual will experience feelings of being unable to complete tasks. Pessimism refers to feelings of hopelessness in accomplishing an objective. Therefore, it is evident that a stressed worker will automatically possess such symptoms. To add on, John suggests that other symptoms result in work-related stress such as workers experiencing diminished creativity and inability to make rational decisions. When one is faced with a stressful event at work, he will tend to be less creative as the mind is settled for proper functioning. Furthermore, unsettled minds tend to create some discrepancies in making credible decisions. Such results to making risky decisions that might lead to a poor business performance regarding service delivery. Lastly, he emphasizes that work-related stress tends to be associated with irritability, reduced ability to make adequate decisions, diminished creativity, isolation, aggression, problems with interpersonal relationship with other workers. With these symptoms related to a person with work-stress, it is evident that an individual will depict poor work creativity that will lead to a drop in job performance. Stress Management: Video Review According to the YouTube Video, John suggests crucial steps in starting a work-related stress management scheme. First, one has to identify the stressor. He suggests that one must be able to determine the source of work stress such as from the top most management or fellow workers, from physical issues such as commuting to work, or for a given work task. Scholars suggest that when one can identify a stressor, it will be much easier for him to manage the work-related stress. Furthermore, research suggests that individuals who are aware of their stressors tend to collaborate in counseling sessions accordingly and they recover from the stressful events (cite). John suggests that if one can identify a stressor such as the boss. One must formulate queries to detect what elements in the stressor are the main cause of stress. Therefore, it is imperative to acknowledge the main cause of stress emerging for the boss and dealing with it at a personal level. As such if one can deal with the work-related stress from the boss he/she has achieved a milestone in the first stage of stress management. He adds on and says that if one identify that the work task is the main source of stress, it is an individual responsibility to change the parameters within the stressor. Consequently, he stipulates the second stage, tip to managing work-related stress as a product of organization. He advises individuals that being organized helps one to have a clear mind. Organization skills are a significant component of work-related stress management. It is easier to avoid stressful events when one is fully organized. John suggests the use of to-do lists where individuals can be able to meet work task deadlines to avoid stressors such as accumulation of work tasks. The fourth step in managing stress as suggested by John in the video focusses on the balancing health and work. He suggests that one must take good care of himself when it comes to health matters so as to enjoy the fruits of their labor in a healthy state. Research suggest that workaholics tend to experience stressful events more often. Overdoing something will initiate some bodily dysfunction which might lead to poor health, as such, an individual will not be able to balance both parameters. Conclusively, John gives a fourth tip basing on the direction of stress. He proclaims that when one is stressed up it is not advisable to direct anger and aggression towards a family member or co-workers, instead, he should learn to share with them and in the process, he might get help. Alternatively, one can seek further support from family members or counseling firms so that they can contribute in managing stress levels. Reflection The video outline the building blocks that counselors can focus on during therapy sessions. Work-related stress has been a major issue with most corporate workers in Singapore. The video also acts a form of treatment which might help the client best understand the dynamics involved in managing work-related stress. In a workplace scenario, it evident that one can experience work overload and pressure from top management. Therefore, after viewing this video, I find it helpful in areas of one being able to identify a specific source of stress and being able to manage ones own stress. Furthermore, the video reveals some simple tips that can help individuals manage stress at a personal level. Applying Counselling Skills Incorporating counseling skills in managing work-related stress is essential for any counselor. First, one must create a therapeutic relationship with the client. After creating a positive relation, a counselor must gather relevant data regarding work-related stress as specified in the video. Secondly, one has to set therapeutic goals in achieving the objective of letting the client out of the facility when he or she is stress-free. After goals are created, there is always room for restructuring or modeling the set goals of therapy by looking at alternatives through utilization of theories in psychology. Lastly, a generalized action must be postulated that will focus on treating the patient(Ivey, Ivey, Zalaquett, 2013). For the case study of Mary and Allen, the following table will outline the possible strengths and weakness of the counseling session. Comments Table Basic Counselling Skills Comments Attending Skills Verbal Visual Vocal Body Language The counselor clearly used verbal skills and vocal skills appropriately. The counselor did not utilize the use of body language and visual patterns from the client. It could be of help from the authenticity of information given by the client Questioning Open-Ended Questions Close Ended Questions The counselor utilized the use of both types of questions pro-actively and was able to formulate feasible alternatives. Active Listening Skills Encouraging Paraphrasing Summarizing The counselor was undoubtedly encouraging to the client and utilized summarizing skills that are appropriate for a decisional model. Reflection of feelings In my own view, the counselor was well focused and outlined the objectives accordingly to the intervention process of the client 5 Stages of Counselling Rapport Data Gathering Mutual Goal Setting Working Action All the five stages of counseling were out rightly followed. Confrontation Skills Confrontation skills were used as it was relevant to know of other activities that are more liked by the client. Focusing (which dimensions did the counselor focus on) The counselor focused on creating alternatives that the client will make a decision on career development. Reflection of Meaning (What counseling approaches did the counselor use during the session?) Logo-therapy Person-centered Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral The counselor used person-centered therapy as he focused on the personal values of the client Influencing and Integration Skills (evaluate based on which influencing skills did the counselor used most) The counselor repeatedly used self-disclosure feedback so that he could know more of the clients personal values to generate possibilities that will let the client make a viable decision Conclusion Counseling skills are essential for the betterment of a therapeutic session with a client who tends to experience work-related stress. Work-related stress can be managed by an individual as well as seek family or counseling services depending on the nature of the source of stress. As per the video and the case study, it is important for individuals to understand themselves better and take good care of their health to avoid work-related stress. References Dorothy, C. H. (2013). Formulation and Definition in Stress Management. In Stress Management: An Integrated Approach to Therapy (pp. 27-48). New York: Brunner/Mazel Inc. Douglas, B., Woolfe, R., Strawbridge, S., Kasket, E., Galbraith, V. (2016). The Handbook of Counselling Psychology. SAGE Publishers. Ivey, A. E., Ivey, M., Zalaquett, C. P. (2013). Intentional interviewing and counseling: Facilitating client development in a multicultural society. Nelson Education. Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Kramer, M. (2010). Sleep and mental illness. London: Cambridge University Press.